Publications

J. Dóka, B.Gy. Nagy, D. Jocha, B. Formanek, I. Viciedo, A. Rodrigo, D. Gomez-Barquero, B. Sonkoly. “Enablers of low-latency immersive interaction in future remote-rendered Mixed Reality applications”. ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys), 2025

A. Fayad, T. Cinkler, J. Rak, “Toward 6G Optical Fronthaul: A Survey on Enabling Technologies and Research Perspectives“, IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS 27 : 1 pp. 629-666, 2025 

 S. Zhang, M. Ozger, S.S.S.G. Seeram, I. Godor, L. Feltrin, A. Nordlow, J. Pfeifle, L. Toka, G. Biczok, D. Schupke, et al. “6G for Connected Sky: Holistic Adaptive Combined Airspace and Non Terrestrial Network Architecture“, IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, 2025 (accepted) 

Q. Alghazali, H. Al-Amaireh, T. Cinkler, “Mobility-Aware Resource Allocation in D2D Communications Using Genetic Algorithms“, IEEE ACCESS, 2025 (accepted) 

Q. Alghazali, H. Al-Amaireh, T. Cinkler, “Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing Using NOMA and Massive MIMO“, IEEE ACCESS 13 pp. 21456-21470, 2025 

B. Zentai, L. Toka, ”Performance analysis in SailGP: A machine learning approach”, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND COACHING 20 : 3 pp. 1207-1225, 2025

B. Mihalyi, G. Biczók, L. Toka, ”All about momentum: Investigating high-pressure situations in the NBA through scoring probability”, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND COACHING, 2025

A. Fayad, I. Pelle, T. Cinkler, B. Sonkoly, ”Harnessing Free Space Optics for Efficient 6G Fronthaul Networks: Challenges and Opportunities”, ENGINEERING REPORTS 7 : 3 Paper: e70051, 2025 

L. Toka, E.A. Papp, T. Cinkler, I. Gódor, L. Hévizi, ”Dimensioning space-air-ground integrated networks for in-flight 6G slice orchestration”, VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS 51 Paper: 100866, 2025

B.Gy. Nagy, B. Bihari, B. Sonkoly, ”AI-Driven Mixed Reality for Scalable and Adaptive Training Solutions”, International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR), 2025

J. Czentye, B. Sonkoly, “Serverless Application Composition Leveraging Function Fusion: Theory and Algorithms”, Elsevier Future Generation Computer Systems (FGCS), vol. 153, pp. 403-418, 2024

L. Toka, M. Konrad, A. Pekar, G. Biczók, “Integrating the Skies for 6G: Techno-Economic Considerations of LEO, HAPS, and UAV Technologies“, IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 62 : 11 pp. 44-51, 2024 

B. Bihari, B.Gy. Nagy, J. Dóka, B. Sonkoly, “AI-Powered Mixed Reality: Revolutionizing Training Methodologies“, IEEE ISMAR-Adjunct (demo), 2024

B. Sonkoly, B.Gy. Nagy, J. Dóka, Zs. Kecskés-Solymosi, J. Czentye, B. Formanek, D. Jocha, B.P. Gerő, “An Edge Cloud Based Coordination Platform for Multi-user AR Applications”, JOURNAL OF NETWORK AND SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 32 : 2 Paper: 40, 2024

A. Fayad, T. Cinkler, ”Energy-Efficient Joint User and Power Allocation in 5G Millimeter Wave Networks: A Genetic Algorithm-based Approach”, IEEE ACCESS 12 pp. 20019-20030, 2024

A. Fayad, T. Cinkler, ”Power Consumption Optimization in 5G/6G mmWave Networks with User Multi-Connectivity”, IEEE PACRIM, 2024

P. Rahimian, B. Mihalyi, L. Toka, ”In-game soccer outcome prediction with offline reinforcement learning”, MACHINE LEARNING 113 pp. 7393-7419, 2024

P. Rahimian, H. Kim, M. Schmid, L. Toka, ”Pass Receiver and Outcome Prediction in Soccer Using Temporal Graph Networks”, Machine Learning and Data Mining for Sports Analytics (10th International Workshop, MLSA 2023, Revised Selected Papers), pp. 52-63, 2024

B. Mihalyi, G. Biczók, L. Toka, ”Momentum Matters: Investigating High-Pressure Situations in the NBA Through Scoring Probability”, Machine Learning and Data Mining for Sports Analytics (10th International Workshop, MLSA 2023, Revised Selected Papers), pp. 77-90, 2024

B. Zentai, L. Toka, ”Boat Speed Prediction in SailGP”, Machine Learning and Data Mining for Sports Analytics (10th International Workshop, MLSA 2023, Revised Selected Papers), pp. 155-164, 2024

A. Alnahdi, L. Toka, ”Optimizing the Edge Computing System of a LEO Satellite Constellation”, IEEE NoF, 2024

A. Alnahdi, L. Toka, ”A Survey on Integrating Edge Computing With AI and Blockchain in Maritime Domain, Aerial Systems, IoT, and Industry 4.0”, IEEE ACCESS 12 pp. 28684-28709, 2024

J. Dóka, B.Gy. Nagy, B. Formanek,D. Jocha, A. Kern, B.P. Gerő, B. Sonkoly, “A Novel Split Rendering XR Framework with Occlusion Support“, IEEE ISMAR-Adjunct (demo), 2023 

B. Sonkoly, B.Gy. Nagy, J. Dóka, Zs. Kecskés-Solymosi, J. Czentye, B. Formanek, D. Jocha, B.P. Gerő, “Towards an Edge Cloud Based Coordination Platform for Multi-User AR Applications Built on Open-Source SLAMs”, IEEE VR (poster), 2023

J. Czentye, I. Pelle, B. Sonkoly, “Cost-optimal Operation of Latency Constrained Serverless Applications: From Theory to Practice“, IEEE/IFIP NOMS, 2023

L. Toka, M. Konrad, I. Pelle, B. Sonkoly, M. Szabo, B. Sharma, S. Kumar, M. Annavazzala, S. T. Deekshitula, A. Franklin, “5G on the roads: optimizing the latency of federated analysis in vehicular edge networks“, IEEE/IFIP NOMS, 2023

L. Toka, M. Konrad, I. Pelle, B. Sonkoly, M. Szabo, B. Sharma, S. Kumar, M. Annavazzala, S. T. Deekshitula, A. Franklin, “5G on the Roads: Latency-Optimized Federated Analytics in the Vehicular Edge“, IEEE ACCESS 11 pp. 81737-81752, 2023

L. Toka, M. Konrad, I. Pelle, B. Sonkoly, M. Szabo, B. Sharma, S. Kumar, M. Annavazzala, S. T. Deekshitula, A. Franklin, “Federated learning for vehicular coordination use cases“, IEEE/IFIP NOMS (ITAVT WS), 2023

B. Sonkoly, B.Gy. Nagy, J. Dóka, Zs. Kecskés-Solymosi, J. Czentye, B. Formanek, D. Jocha, B.P. Gerő, “Towards an Edge Cloud Based Coordination Platform for Multi-User AR Applications Built on Open-Source SLAMs”, IEEE/IFIP NOMS (FLEXNGIA WS), 2023 (best paper)

R. Erdei, L Toka, "Minimizing Resource Allocation for Cloud-Native Microservices", Journal of Network and Systems Management, 31:(2), 2023 (IF: 2.1)

I. Pelle, F. Paolucci, B. Sonkoly, F. Cugini, “P4-based Hitless FaaS Load Balancer for Packet-Optical Network Edge Continuum”, Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), 2023

I. Pelle, F. Paolucci, B. Sonkoly, F. Cugini, “P4-assisted seamless migration of serverless applications towards the edge continuum”, Elsevier Future Generation Computer Systems (FGCS), vol. 146, pp. 122-138, 2023 (IF: 7.307)

 I. Pelle, B. Szőke, A. Fayad, T. Cinkler, L. Toka, “A Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Stream Processing with Kafka in Cloud Native Deployments for IoT Use-cases“, IEEE/IFIP NOMS, 2023

 B. Fodor, Á. Jakub, G. Szűcs, B. Sonkoly, “A Multi-Agent Deep-Reinforcement Learning Approach for Application-Agnostic Microservice Scaling“, IEEE VCC, 2023 

 A. Fayad, T. Cinkler, J. Rak, “5G/6G Optical Fronthaul Modelling: Cost and Energy Consumption Assessment“, Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 15 : 9 pp. D33-D46, 2023 

 A. Fayad, T. Cinkler, J. Rak, “5G Millimeter Wave Network Optimization: Dual Connectivity and Power Allocation Strategy“, IEEE ACCESS 11 pp. 82079-82094, 2023 

M. Szalay, P. Matray and L. Toka, “Real-Time FaaS: Towards a Latency Bounded Serverless Cloud“, IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing (TCC), doi: 10.1109/TCC.2022.3151469 (IF: 5.938)

B. Fodor, L. Toka, B. Sonkoly, “LSSO: Long Short-term Scaling Optimizer“, IEEE NFV-SDN, 2022

L. Toka, “The Shape of Your Cloud: How to Design and Run Polylithic Cloud Applications“, IEEE Access, vol. 10, 2022 (IF: 3.476)

G. Csáti, I. Pelle and L. Toka, “Optimizing Performance and Resource Consumption of Cloud-Native Logging Application Stacks“, IEEE/IFIP NOMS, 2022

R. M. Erdei and L. Toka, “Optimal Resource Provisioning for Data-intensive Microservices“, IEEE/IFIP NOMS, 2022

I. Pelle, M. Szalay, J. Czentye, B. Sonkoly, L. Toka, “Cost and Latency Optimized Edge Computing Platform“, Electronics, 11(4):561, 2022 (IF: 2.397)

Z. Krämer, F. Németh, A. Mihály, S. Molnár, I. Pelle, G. Pongrácz, D. Scharnitzky, “On the Potential of MP-QUIC as Transport Layer Aggregator for Multiple Cellular Networks“, Electronics, 11(9):1492, 2022 (IF: 2.397)

S. Miano, A. Sanaee, F. Risso, G. Rétvári, G. Antichi, “Domain specific run time optimization for software data planes“, ACM ASPLOS, 2022

O. Rottenstreich, A. Kulik, A. Joshi, J. Rexford, G. Rétvári, D.S. Menasché, “Data Plane Cooperative Caching with Dependencies“, IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (TNSM), 19:(3), 2022 

T. Lévai, G. Rétvári, “Batch-scheduling Data Flow Graphs with Service-level Objectives on Multicore Systems“, Infocommunications Journal, 14:(1), 2022

B. Vass, Cs. Sarkadi, G. Retvari, “Programmable Packet Scheduling With SP-PIFO: Theory, Algorithms and Evaluation“, IEEE INFOCOM (INFOCOM WKSHPS), 2022

B. Vass, Á. Fraknói, E. Bérczi-Kovács, G. Rétvári, “Compiling packet programs to dRMT switches: theory and algorithms“, 5th International Workshop on P4 in Europe

B. Sonkoly, J. Czentye, M. Szalay, B. Németh, L. Toka, “Survey on Placement Methods in the Edge and Beyond”, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials (COMST), 23:(4), pp. 2590-2629., 2021 (IF: 25.249)

O. Michel, R. Bifulco, G. Rétvári, S. Schmid, “The Programmable Data Plane: Abstractions, Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications”, ACM Computing Surveys, 54:(4), pp. 1–36, 2021 (IF: 10.282)

I. Pelle, F. Paolucci, B. Sonkoly, F. Cugini, “Latency-sensitive Edge/Cloud Serverless Dynamic Deployment over Telemetry-based Packet-Optical Network”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC), 39:(9), pp. 2849-2863, 2021 (IF: 9.144)

B. Németh, N. Molner, J. Martin-Perez, C. J. Bernardos, A. de la Oliva, B. Sonkoly, “Delay and reliability-constrained VNF placement on mobile and volatile 5G infrastructure”, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC), 2021, DOI: 10.1109/TMC.2021.3055426 (IF: 5.577)

L. Toka, G. Dobreff, B. Fodor, B. Sonkoly, “Machine Learning-based Scaling Management for Kubernetes Edge Clusters”, IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (TNSM), 18:(1), pp. 958-972., 2021 (IF: 4.195)      Download 

L. Toka, “Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Computing in the Edge with Kubernetes”, Springer Journal of Grid Computing, 19:(3), 2021 (IF: 3.986)

M. Szalay, P. Mátray, L. Toka, “State Management for Cloud-Native Applications”, MDPI Electronics, 10:(4), 2021 (IF: 2.397)

D. Haja, Z.R. Turanyi, L. Toka, “Location, Proximity, Affinity – The key factors in FaaS”, Infocommunications Journal, 12:(4), pp. 14-21, 2021

J. Yen, T. Lévai, Q. Ye, X. Ren, R. Govindan, B. Raghavan, “Semi-automated protocol disambiguation and code generation.” in Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM, 2021

M. Szalay, P. Mátray, L. Toka, “Real-time task scheduling in a FaaS cloud”, in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD), 2021      Learn more 

L. Toka, G. Dobreff, D. Haja, M. Szalay, “Predicting cloud-native application failures based on monitoring data of cloud infrastructure”, in Proc. of IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM), Piscataway (NJ), USA, 2021

J. Czentye, B.P. Gerő, B. Sonkoly, “Managing Localization Delay for Cloud-assisted AR Applications via LSTM-driven Overload Control”, in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR), 2021

G. Rétvári, F. Németh, R. Váradi, K. Dávid, “l7mp: A L7 Multiprotocol Proxy and Service Mesh”, https://l7mp.io, 2021, source code: https://github.com/l7mp/l7mp

I. Pelle, F. Paolucci, B. Sonkoly, F. Cugini, “Telemetry-Driven Optical 5G Serverless Architecture for Latency-Sensitive Edge Computing”, in Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), 2020

L. Toka, M. Zubor, A. Kőrösi, G. Darzanos, O. Rottenstreich, B. Sonkoly, “Pricing games of NFV infrastructure providers”, Telecommunication Systems, doi: 10.1007/s11235-020-00706-5, 2020 (IF: 1.73)

L. Toka, A. Recse, M. Cserép, R. Szabó, “On the Mediation Price War of 5G Providers”, MDPI Electronics, 9:11, 1901 pp. 1-19, 2020 (IF: 2.41)

I. Pelle, F. Paolucci, B. Sonkoly, F. Cugini, “Telemetry-Driven Optical 5G Serverless Architecture for Latency-Sensitive Edge Computing”, in Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), 2020

I. Pelle, J. Czentye, J. Dóka, A. Kern, B. P. Gerő, B. Sonkoly, “Operating Latency Sensitive Applications on Public Serverless Edge Cloud Platforms”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2020.3042428, 2020 (IF: 9.94)

I. Pelle, J. Czentye, J. Dóka, B. Sonkoly, “Dynamic Latency Control of Serverless Applications Operated on AWS Lambda and Greengrass”, in Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM 2020 (Demo)

B. Sonkoly, R. Szabó, B. Németh, J. Czentye, D. Haja, M. Szalay, J. Dóka, B. Gerő, D. Jocha, L. Toka, “5G Applications from Vision to Reality: Multi-Operator Orchestration”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC), 38:7 pp. 1401-1416, 2020 (IF: 11.42)

B. Sonkoly, D. Haja, B. Németh, M. Szalay, J. Czentye, R. Szabó, R. Ullah, K. Byung-Seo, L. Toka, “Scalable edge cloud platforms for IoT services”, Elsevier Journal of Network and Computer Applications (JNCA), 170: Paper:102785, 2020 (IF: 5.57)

B. Németh, B. Sonkoly, “Advanced Computation Capacity Modeling for Delay-Constrained Placement of IoT Services”, MDPI Sensors, 20:14, 3830, 2020 (IF: 3.27)

L. Toka, G. Dobreff, B. Fodor, B. Sonkoly, “Adaptive AI-based auto-scaling for Kubernetes”, in Proc. of IEEE/ACM CCGRID 2020

M. Szalay, P. Mátray, L. Toka, “AnnaBellaDB: Key-Value Store Made Cloud Native”, in 16th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM), 2020

M. Szalay, P. Mátray, L. Toka, “AnnaBellaDB: a key value store for stateless network functions”, ACM SIGCOMM 2020 (Demo)

L. Toka, M. Szalay, D. Haja, G. Szabó, S. Rácz, M. Telek, “To boost or not to boost: a stochastic game in wireless access networks”, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2020

P. Varga, J. Pető, A. Franko, D. Balla, D. Haja, F. Janky, G. Sóos, D. Ficzere, M. Maliosz, L. Toka, “5G support for Industrial IoT Applications – Challenges, Solutions, and Research gaps”, MDPI Sensors, 20:3, 828, 2020 (IF: 3.27)

T. Lévai, F. Németh, B. Raghavan, G. Rétvári, “Batchy: Batch-scheduling Data Flow Graphs with Service-level Objectives”, 17th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), Santa Clara, CA, USA, 2020

L. Csikor, M. Szalay, G. Rétvári, G. Pongrácz, D. P. Pezaros, L. Toka, “Transition to SDN is HARMLESS: Hybrid Architecture for Migrating Legacy Ethernet Switches to SDN”, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (ToN), 28:1, pp. 275-288, 2020 (IF: 3.32)

B. Vass, E. Bérczi-Kovács, C. Raiciu, G. Rétvári, “Compiling Packet Programs to Reconfigurable Switches: Theory and Algorithms”, ACM 3rd P4 Workshop in Europe (EuroP4’20),  Barcelona, Spain, 2020

G. Antichi, G. Rétvári, “Full-stack SDN: The next big challenge?”, ACM Symposium on SDN Research (SOSR), San Jose, CA, USA, 2020

G. Rétvári, “L7mp: A Multiprotocol Service Mesh for Legacy Applications”,  ServiceMeshCon NA 2020, collocated with KubeCon + CloudNativeCon North America, 2020

B. Gy. Nagy, J. Dóka, S. Rácz, G. Szabó, I. Pelle, J. Czentye, L. Toka, B. Sonkoly, “Towards Human-Robot Collaboration: An Industry 4.0 VR Platform with Clouds Under the Hood,” IEEE ICNP 2019 (Demo)

J. Dóka, “Elaboration of a latency critical future 5G application and adaptation to a selected FaaS platform”, MSc Thesis, BME VIK 2019 (in Hungarian)

I. Pelle, J. Czentye, J. Dóka, B. Sonkoly, “Towards Latency Sensitive Cloud Native Applications: A Performance Study on AWS”, IEEE CLOUD 2019      Learn more 

J. Czentye, I. Pelle, A. Kern, B. P. Gerő, L. Toka, B. Sonkoly, “Optimizing Latency Sensitive Applications for Amazon’s Public Cloud Platform,” IEEE GLOBECOM 2019

B. Sonkoly, B. Gy. Nagy, J. Dóka, I. Pelle, G. Szabó, S. Rácz, J. Czentye, L. Toka, “Cloud-Powered Digital Twins: Is It Reality?”, IEEE CloudNet 2019

M. Szalay, D. Haja, J. Dóka, B. Sonkoly, L. Toka, “Turning OpenStack into a Fog Orchestrator”, IEEE INFOCOM 2019 (Demo)

D. Haja, M. Szalay, B. Sonkoly, G. Pongracz, L. Toka, “Sharpening Kubernetes for the Edge”, ACM SIGCOMM 2019 (Demo)

L. Toka, D. Haja, A. Korosi, B. Sonkoly, “Resource provisioning for highly reliable and ultra-responsive edge applications”, IEEE CloudNet 2019

D. Haja, B. Vass, L. Toka, “Improving Big Data Application Performance in Edge-Cloud Systems”, IEEE CLOUD 2019

D. Haja, B. Vass, L. Toka, “Towards making big data applications network-aware in edge-cloud systems”, IEEE CloudNet 2019

M. Szalay, M. Nagy, D. Gehberger, Z. Kiss, P. Matray, F. Nemeth, G. Pongracz, G. Retvari, L. Toka, “Industrial-Scale Stateless Network Functions”, IEEE CLOUD 2019

M. Szalay, P. Matray, L. Toka, “Minimizing state access delay for cloud-native network functions”, IEEE CloudNet 2019

K. Thimmaraju, S. Hermak, G. Rétvári, S. Schmid, “MTS: bringing multi-tenancy to virtual networking”, USENIX ATC 2019

L. Csikor, D. M. Divakaran, M. S. Kang, A. Korosi, B. Sonkoly, D. Haja, D. Pezaros, S. Schmid, G. Rétvári, “Tuple Space Explosion: A Denial-of-Service Attack Against a Software Packet Classifier”, ACM CoNEXT 2019

F. Németh, M. Chiesa, G. Rétvári, “Normal Forms for Match-Action Programs”, ACM CoNEXT 2019

L. Linguaglossa, P. Stanislav ; S. Pontarelli, G. Retvari, D. Rossi, T. Zinner, R. Bifulco, M. Jarschel, G. Bianchi, “Survey of Performance Acceleration Techniques for Network Function Virtualization”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume 107, Issue 4, April 2019

J. Czentye, J. Dóka, Á. Nagy, L. Toka, B. Sonkoly, R. Szabó, “Controlling Drones from 5G Networks,” in Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM 2018 (Demo)

B. Sonkoly, M. Szabó, B. Németh, A. Majdán, G. Pongrácz, L. Toka, “FERO: Fast and Efficient Resource Orchestrator for a Data Plane Built on Docker and DPDK,” in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM 2018

B. Németh, M. Szalay, J. Doka, M. Rost, S. Schmid, L. Toka, B. Sonkoly, “Fast and efficient network service embedding method with adaptive offloading to the edge,” in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM (Workshops) 2018

D. Haja, M. Szabo, M. Szalay, A. Nagy, A. Kern, L. Toka, B. Sonkoly, “How to orchestrate a distributed OpenStack,” in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM (Workshops) 2018

M. Cserep, A. Recse, R. Szabo, L. Toka, “Business network formation among 5G providers,” in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM (Workshops) 2018

J. Harmatos, D. Jocha, R. Szabó, B. P. Gero, B. Németh, J. Czentye, B. Sonkoly, “Self-healing in multi-constrained multi-actor virtualization orchestration,” in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM 2018 (Demo)

T. Lévai, G. Pongrácz, P. Megyesi, P. Vörös, S. Laki, F. Németh, G. Rétvári, “The Price for Programmability in the Software Data Plane: The Vendor Perspective”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC), 36:12 pp. 2621-2630, 2018 (IF: 11.42)

R. Bifulco, G. Rétvári, “A Survey on the Programmable Data Plane: Abstractions, Architectures, and Open Problems”, in Proc. of IEEE HPSR, 2018